Thursday, December 9, 2010

Introduction of Brazil



Brazil is the fifth largest populated country in the world.  Its population today is estimated at more than 155 million

Brazil boasts many celebrations and festivals. They have a flair for singing and dancing and they love it. They have the famous Carnaval (known as Carnival too). Soccer is an obsession, almost a hobby of most Brazilians. Their love of food is not far behind however, the Brazilian people use a variety of seasonings in their cooking and have many regional signature dishes.

The colorful culture and effervescence of the people creates an energy that makes Brazil a popular destination for many tourists each year.
This blog will tell you more about the culture of Brazil and their indigenous people.

Quick Facts of Brazil

Official Name: Republica Federativa do Brasil (Federative Republic of Brazil)

Capital: Brasilia

Brazil's Flag

Green represents Brazil’s lush green forests while the yellow represents Brazil’s rich mineral reserves.
There is a blue globe in the centre of the diamond, which has twenty-seven stars. The stars represent the twenty-six federal states and one federal district. 
The motto, ‘Ordem e Progresso’ across the globe refers to ‘Order and Progress’.

Telephone Country Code
+55

Official Language
Portuguese

Wednesday, December 8, 2010

Culture & Tradition (I)

The culture of Brazil consists of all the colourful heritages, racial blend of people, mix of religion, heart-thumping celebrations.

The Melting Pot

Brazil has a blurred racial blend. During the 500 years since its discovery, Indians, Europeans and Africans have come to form a complex racial melting pot. The first Portuguese settlers took native wives, given rise to a new race – the mestizos. Later, the mulattoes, descendants of Portuguese settlers and African Slaves became part of Brazil’s growing racial blend.

They are becoming increasingly brown today due to the mix of Europeans, Africans and indigenous ancestors.

Psychological, attitudes, beliefs
As Brazilians have several cultures and races, Brazilians have inherited a little bit of the characteristics of each of their ancestors. They share the extroversion and love for rhythm of their African forefathers, the mysticism from their Indian ancestors and they inherited a Portuguese’s melancholy that perhaps originated in a deep longing for the mother country across the ocean.

Brazil has an open-minded culture. Do not get a culture shock if a Brazilian woman come approaching u trying to hook you, as the modern Brazilian women are initiative. No longer the old style of guy woo girls method around. Gays and lesbians are allowed in the cities, as gay clubs are seen on the streets however, in the rural areas, they are more conservative.

They love celebrations, music and dance. They also have relaxed attitudes towards nudity and toward the body in general. During the celebrations, Carnivals and festivals, performers wears the scanty costumes which consist of little more than a wisp of fabric, a few feathers and the tiny string bikinis—called "dental floss" ( fio dental ) in Brazilian slang—that women of all shapes, sizes, and ages wear on Brazil's public beaches.

Hope, to Brazillians, is strongly related to religious sentiments. It is also an expression of the lack of control over what the future may bring. Esperanca, the Portuguese word for hope.

Physical living conditions, Buildings
Brazil is a land of contrasts. The cities have a combination of modern skyscrapers, suburban houses, and impoverished slums (known as favelas). Brazil's urban slums have been estimated to be home for as many as twenty-five million people.

The inhabitants of favelas live in desperate poverty. Poor sanitation causes serious health problems. There is no garbage collection or sewer access. Committing crime is often the only choice for unemployed youth with no economic opportunities.

In contrast, the upper and middle classes have a high standard of living. Brazil's major cities are very modern, with large shopping malls and restaurants. Luxury high-rise apartment buildings and large houses have all the amenities one would expect in the United States. Most middle-and upper-class families have servants to assist with house chores.

Urban architecture in Brazil owes much to the legacy of Portuguese colonialism. Cities such as Ouro PrĂȘto and Rio de Janeiro grew in importance long before industrialization had brought the factory or the automobile to Brazil. These cities, which influenced patterns of urban construction throughout the country, were largely modeled on Portuguese cities.

The buildings built during colonial times have narrow streets with continuous building facades that converge on central plazas. These open areas are often the sites of churches or government buildings, constructions imbued with symbolic power by being set off from the solid mass of private dwellings that line the streets.



Food cuisines.
As Brazilians have a rich diversity of culture and different ethnic groups, there are various kinds of cuisines available from region to region. It combines cooking styles and ingredients from the rain forest, the Portuguese and African cultures. African influences are particularly pronounced in the southeastern region of Bahia. Spicy seafood dishes in that region may be flavored with peanuts, coconut, lime, or other tropical ingredients.

Brazilians love music and dance!

Rich dance and music culture.

Without a doubt Brazilian dance and Brazilian dance music is something that unites this highly fragmented nation - Brazil.

Brazilians have a Carnaval whereby they get a chance to escape from the hard reality, Brazilians get to put social class aside and enjoy themselves event just for a short while. In Rio de Janerio, cross-dressing is common and one would see poor dressing as royalty.




The key to carnival's popularity is its break with and reversal of the everyday reality. Through the use of costume—notably called fantasia in Portuguese—anyone can become anybody at carnival time.
Class hierarchies based on wealth and power are briefly set aside, poverty is forgotten, men may dress as women, leisure supplants work, and the disparate components of Brazilian society blend in a dizzying blaze of color and music.


Brazilians will stop all their business just to be involve in their Carnival !
Celebrations means alot to the Brazilians!

Here is a video on the biggest Carnival in the world.


Brazilians have a great passion for music, with the influences from Europe and Africa, the innovative beats and rhythms was soon spread around the world. Dancing on streets in Brazil is common, you can say that every Brazilian know how to dance, and in fact, very well!


Here is a video on a Brazilian baby dancing!

The Samba is a distinctively Brazilian style of music and has its historical roots in the traditions of the Bantu people who came to Brazil from Angola in Africa. Samba music is characterised by a strong beat accompanied by a guitar and has influenced other forms of Brazilian music such as Bossa Nova. It remains a very popular form of traditional music for many Brazilians.

Here is a video on the Samba dancing.




Once someone said to me: "Samba is a way for Brazilians to escape from the trials and tribulations of every-day's life".

Music plays an important role in all the festivals and Carnivals they have. Music helps them to celebrate life and helps to heal broken hearts too. It gives them hope, consolation and inspires happiness. For most Brazilians, music is more than just listening to a tune. It accompanies them everyday in everything they do.

http://www.travel-brazil.info/brazil-music.html

Tuesday, December 7, 2010

Culture and Tradition (II)

Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art practised widely in the form of a stylized dance-fight, originated from the Africans. Africans learn the art as a means of self-defence and self-discipline to help tolerate the tough lives they led under the plantation owners.






Portuguese brings the Africans into Brazil as they needed and wanted slaves back then. The Africans were not allowed any luxuries especially the practice of fighting. However, they were allowed to play music and dance. Then the African slaves thought of fighting while dancing to the music.




It was a brilliant idea to practice the art of fighting, known as Capoeira now. The art of dancing and fighting with music.


When you think of soccer skills, you will think of BRASIL DO FUTEBOL!




Soccer is a popular sport worldwide and in particularly in Brazil too. It is Brazil’s favourite sports and is played by people of all ages, races and social classes and a growing number of women.




Brazilians are also passionate about soccer and are rated among the best players of the sport in the world. Every four years when the world's best teams vie for the World Cup championship, Brazil virtually shuts down as the nation's collective attention turns to the action on the playing field.
Every goal is like heaven to them!


Soccer is invented in Britain. Brazil produced some of the best teams and players for the sport. Brazil won the World Championship in 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. It is the only country that has won five titles and qualified for all World Cup tournaments.


Religon
Brazil has the world’s largest number of Catholics; about Eighty per cent of Brazil’s population is members of the Catholic Church.


The Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida is also a Roman Catholic church and is located in Aparecida, Brazil. It was originally built in the late 1700’s but due to the popularity of Our Lady of Aparecida it was greatly expanded beginning in 1955. Our Lady of Aparecida is the Patron Saint of Brazil and many Brazilians pray to her every day especially laborers. The basilica can hold over 45,000 people.


Though Brazil is predominantly a Catholic country, the diversity of its people often get involve in a unique mix of religious practises, such as Candomble for example. This is a fusion of almost pure African spiritual religion and a few Catholic elements and is only found in Brazil.


Here is a photo of the Candomble doing some rituals.


Umbanda, also known as magia branca (white magic), is another highly syncretic religion with spiritist elements that began in Rio de Janeiro in the late 1920s and spread to urban areas throughout the country. With some thirty million followers today, Umbanda has been called the one true national religion of Brazil because it embraces elements of all three of the nation's cultural traditions: African, European, and Indian.


Spiritism, also known as Kardecism, was founded in France philosopher Allan Kardec (1804 – 1869) and introduced to Brazil in the nineteenth century, is yet another spiritual movement with a growing following. Spiritism is more an intellectual endeavor than an emotional cry for salvation. It is well received by the educated classes. It is based on the reincarnation and the ability to communicate with spirits. Charity is an important element in Kardecism as it based on the word Karma.
It is believe that every good and bad action will have an influence on an individual in the future.
Many Spiritistic centers have child-care facilities and clinics to benefit the population at large.

Monday, December 6, 2010

The indigenous people

The indigenous people

The Brazilian indigenous peoples were mostly semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, and migrant agriculture. Many of the groups which existed in 1500, died out as a consequence of the European settlement, and many were intergrated into the Brazilian population. The natives, like the Kayapo and the Yanomami have their roots in Brazil from the beginning of time.  The people of other nationalities immigrated to Brazil from other countries from as early as the 1500's.
The indigenous people have a different culture from the urbanized people in the cities. Brazil Indians are the only racial group that does not share the same culture or language with the rest of the population.
In addition, at the time of the Portuguese discovery, there were an estimated five million indigenous people in Brazil! Though in 1988, for the first time, the Brazilian government recognized the Indians’ right to their land, culture and language, exploitory rights still remain.
Due to globalization, Indian reservations also suffer illegal invasions from gold diggers, land grabbers and mining companies. In 2004, newly discovered diamond fields on Indian reservations in the Amazon led to serious conflicts between the local tribes and miners.
In reality, the rights of Brazil’s indigenous peoples are far from guaranteed.
There are 234 different groups of indigenous people
Go to this web to see the whole list of indigenous people.

The Kayapo Indians are an indigenous tribe inhabiting land on both sides of the Xingu River in the state of ParĂĄ, Brazil on the Central Brazilian Plateau. Nine Kayapo villages are scattered throughout the territory, creating a 28.4 million acre home for more than 5,000 people.1 The dominant ecosystems are tropical rainforest and grassland in which the Kayapo hunt, fish, and practice swidden agriculture (slash and burn). The Kayapo wear intricate beadwork and headdresses in ceremonies and decorate their bodies with dye coming from the plants genipapo and urucu. The Kayapo refer to themselves as MebĂȘngokrĂȘ, which means ‘the men from the water place.’
Picture from iccfoundation
The gold diggers, who use mercury, have threatened their rivers, which are essential to their survivals and to those of their environment, so that the population and the whole ecosystem has been endangered.

The indigenous chiefs of Kayapo

Next, a popular indigenous tribe in the studies of modern science.

The Ya̧nomamö are a large population of indigenous Amerindian people in South America. They reside in the Amazon rainforest, among the hills that line the border between Brazil and Venezuela. 
Due to the remoteness of their residence, they had remained largely unconnected by the outside world until the beginning of the 20th century. This allowed them to retain several aspects of their culture that factors such as population explosion and growth in material wealth have eradicated from the rest of the world.

The modern science analysed the difference between the childhood of yanomami and the modern cities. 


A Yanamamö girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age of ten will be running a house. By the age of twelve or thirteen she is probably married and will have started to have babies.
Boys on the other hand, have far fewer responsibilities. They don’t marry until later than girls and are allowed to play well into their teens. Western notions of childhood simply do not ‘fit’ in these cases, where children’s competence and responsibilities are understood very differently.

Reference :
"BBC/OU Open2.net - History - Different cultures, different childhoods." BBC/OU Open2.net - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2010. <http://www.open2.net/theinventionofchildhood/culturalchildhoods.html>.

Sunday, December 5, 2010

Language of Brazil

OLA! Boa tarde! 
The above phrase means, "Hello! Good afternoon!"

The majority of Brazilians are monolingual in Portuguese, however, the middle-class and elite Brazilians study English and to a lesser extent Spanish, French, and German. Brazilians are very proud of their linguistic heritage and resent that many foreigners, particularly North Americans, think Brazilians speak Spanish. 
Portuguese, a Romance language, belonging to the Indo-European language family. The Portuguese language was introduced to Brazil by the Portugal Portuguese in the early sixteenth century. 

Brazilian Portuguese differs somewhat in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation from the language of Portugal. 
Brazilian Portuguese contains a large number of indigenous terms, particularly Tupi-Guarani words for native plants, animals, and place-names that are not found in continental Portuguese. While regional accents exist in Brazil, they are not very pronounced and native Portuguese speakers from one region have no difficulty understanding those from other regions. 
Here's a video on how to speak Brazilian portuguese.

Basic Portuguese Phrases
 Bom dia. - Good morning.
 Boa tarde. - Good afternoon.
 Boa noite. - Good night.
 Fala inglĂȘs? - Do you speak English?
 HĂĄ alguĂ©m aqui que fala inglĂȘs? - Does anyone here speak English?
 Onde posso encontrar alguĂ©m que fale inglĂȘs? - Where can I find someone who speaks English?
 Desculpe-me por falar tĂŁo mal o portuguĂȘs. - Excuse my poor Portuguese.
 SĂł falo um pouco de portuguĂȘs. - I only speak a little Portuguese.

Portuguese Phrases for Meeting and Greeting

 Ă‰ um prazer conhecĂȘ-lo. - I am pleased to meet you.
 Falaram-me muito de voc? - I have heard so much about you.
 Foi um prazer conhecĂȘ-lo.-  It was nice meeting you.
 NĂŁo entendo. - I don't understand.
 Compreendo perfeitamente. - I understand perfectly.
 Compreende? - Do you understand?
 Compreendo-o se falar devagar. - I understand if you speak slowly.
 Ă‰ muito melhor. - That is much better.
Que disse? - What did you say?
Que tenha um bom dia! -  Have a nice day!

Obrigado! Which means, Thank you! 




Reference:
http://www.transparent.com/learn-portuguese-brazilian/phrases.html

Saturday, December 4, 2010

Education in Brazil

 Education

In Brazil, if one has a job, they are considered middle class. One will be able to attend school and have an Education. With Education, one will be able to get a higher pay job and therefore further their studies in university.
However, if one is jobless in Brazil, they are considered lower class and could not afford to attend private schools to get an Education. With no basic Education, they would not gain a entry in the university.
The Education and Social Class of Brazil has a direct relationship as shown in the descriptions above.
Brazilian schools are generally underfinanced and overcrowded. In order to cope with the large number of students, children attend classes either in the evening or in the morning.
Middle-and upper-class students mostly attend higher-level institutions of education. Places are limited and entrance exams are very difficult.

Friday, December 3, 2010

Leisure Programs in Brazil

Activities


On the Beach 

Brazilians love to play beach soccer and party on their beautiful beaches






Picutre from riodejaneiro beach


Copacabana beach has over 4kms of pristine, spotless, wide white sand to relax on and is among the top 10 most famous beach in the world.


Picutre from riodejaneiro beach



Activities on Copacabana beach include volleyball, water sports and all night partying! Copacabana is also the home of futevolei: foot volleyball. 



Jungle treks
Picture from photographer direct


The Amazon rainforest is the world’s largest biological reserve. It contains one-third of all living species on the earth and is crossed by 10 of the world’s 20 largest rivers, including the River Amazon (the largest river in the world). The usual base for trips to the Amazon is the city of Manaus, where numerous tour operators can arrange anything from standard day trips to month-long expeditions to more remote areas. It is best to hire a local guide (trips without guides are only allowed on certain tails.)


Festivals

Festa de Lemanja (Festival of lemanja) is a celebration on the 1st January in Rio de Janeiro by followers of the Candomble religion.
Thousands of worshippers line the beach at Copacabana in Rio de Janeiro to give thanks to the goddess of the seas. They wear white and offer flowers and gifts by placing them in the sea.

Brazil has an enormous tradition for its carnivals and celebrations, again representing the fusion of African, Portuguese and native Indian cultures.

The Festas Juninas (June Festivals) are a series of festivals celebrated all over Brazil, in honour of the three saints, Santo Antonio (St. Anthony on 13 June), Sao Joao (St. John, on 24 June) and Sao Pedro (St. Peter, on 29 June). The traditional feasts of Santo Antonio and Sao Pedro are getting less popular, however, the fest of Sao Joao remains very popular these days. It is celebrated with music, dances and drinking of hot wine around a bonfire, which is usually lit immediately after sunset. The other popular tradition would be the letting loose of small hot air balloons made of paper, which contains messages and wishes. When the balloon rises, people believed that it will be fulfilled.

Natal is Brazil’s Christmas. It is celebrated similarly as other Catholic countries. Households put up Christmas trees and nativity scenes from 24th December to 6th January. However, recent decades, households put up the nativity scenes at the beginning of December.
The main Christmas event is the Ceia de Natal (Christmas dinner), one of Brazil’s most festive meals. A turkey dinner served after the midnight and presents are exchanged after the dinner.


Independence Day (September 7) Dom Pedro officially declared Brazil's independence from Portugal on this day in 1822.


Our Lady of Aperecida Day (October 12) Nossa Senhora de Aperecida is the patron saint of Brazil and this national holiday in Brazil is dedicated to her.


Thursday, December 2, 2010

What is the Brazil known for?

There are different perspectives in terms of the top five of what is Brazil known for. Here is the top five in my perspective after my research.

1) The Brazilian Carnival (known as Carnaval in Portuguese)

“The year doesn’t begin until after Carnaval” –Brazilian expression

Brazil carnivals are one of the biggest reasons tourists flock to the country year after year
In 1641, the first celebration of Carnaval in Brazil took place in the honour of the coronation of Dom Joao IV as king of Portugal.

Brazillian Carnaval is famous all around the world as the world’s largest and most festive parties anywhere in the world. In Brazil, carnival is the most popular Brazilian festivity, far beyond Christmas, Easter or New Year celebrations. Only the Rio de Janeiro New Year's Eve rivals with Carnival. It is a must to attend the Brazilian carnival at least once in your life!

2) Soccer is known as futebol in Brazil. Soccer is a national obsession. 

Here is a video on why Brazil is known for it's soccer skills.

Soccer, which in introduced by Britain, have influenced Brazilians greatly, they combined dancing with soccer and created the good Brazilian soccer skills that people world-wide are learning.

3) Jesus statue in Rio de Janeiro - Christ the Redeemer is a statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 


The statue is 120 ft tall and has a weight of 635 tones. It is now a part of the new Seven Wonders of the World. It is located in the Corcovado Mountain which is at a peak of 700 meters i.e. 2,300 feet in the Tujuca forest National Park overlooking the city. The statue is made of concrete and soapstone. As a symbol of Christianity, it has become an important icon of Brazil, with Jesus Christ appearing to open his arms wide to embrace the entire city below.

4) The Amazon, world largest country to have. Brazil contains approximately 60% of the Amazon rainforest. 



The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and it comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of tropical rainforest in the world. 
It attracts eco-tourists and nature lovers every year. It is a fascinating view as compared to all the sky scrappers in the cities these days.


The Amazon rainforest was short-listed in 2008 as a candidate to one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature by the New Seven Wonders of the World Foundation.

5) Samba and Capoeira. Brazil is a country of mixed ethnicities however, it seems the African influenced parts of the culture such as Capoeira and the Samba have reached more notoriety on an international basis. 




Capoeira is an African art form that combines elements of martial arts, music, and dance. It was created in Brazil by the African slaves. It, as well as the Samba music and dance have made their way into various movies, documentaries, music videos, and other main stream media.

Wednesday, December 1, 2010

Disneyfication of Brazil!

Disneyfication


Disneyization comprises of five aspects; theming, hybrid consumption, merchandising, performative labour and control & surveillance.


In this case, Brazil uses the aspects of merchandising for its soccer. 
Their soccer is used as a marketing tool by a few sports company and their skills of soccer is now, learn world-wide by soccer fans and lovers.
Products of the Brazil soccer team is seen in the market these days too.





Joga Bonito means to Play Beautiful, Brazilians started playing soccer on the streets and the world now know joga bonito.
Defination found here!


Playing with skills is associated with Brazil. Singapore hosted the beach soccer and the winner of the tournament gets to play with the brazil beach soccer team. This can be inferred that Brazil’s way of playing soccer is disneyfied.



This is a video of joga bonito showing the brazilian skills and their love for soccer as they play with honor and with their heart.


Joga bonito is about playing with a flair, style and heart. This is what Brazilians does very well. Brazil soccer team plays with a flair, style and heart too. They are some how sold to the world as a “product”
These attributes are a product of joga bonito which is the theme of brazilian soccer.


Next aspect identified of Brazil is the asepect of Theme. 
The Carnival and Samba music and dance is greatly known by the world that its origins is from Brazil.


Their Carnival is the identified example as it attracts millions of tourists yearly and it is the national ethos because it plays to many of the dualities in Brazilian life: wealth and poverty, African and European, female and male.


Carnival is a four-day extravaganza marked by parades of costumed dancers. The amazing atmosphere of the carnival retains visitors longer and draws them back yearly. The carnival is a product sold while the hospitality of the Brazilians is the service sold to visitors.


Carnival therefore is disneyfied and able to draw visitors back to Rio de Janeiro every year. However, you can see Brazil's Carnival in other countries too.


Eg. San Diego Brazil Mardi Gras Carnival 2010.
A combination of Carnivals in, San Diego. It highlights the Brazilian Carnival and dance!



This shows that the theme of Brazilian's Carnival is disneyfied in San Diego.




Also, the the theme of Carnival is disneyfied together as a whole with the identification of Brazilians.